| odonym |
 Proper
noun of a traffic route feature. Examples: Via Appia (historical
road); Airway Amber (air traffic route); M4 (motorway); Fleet Street;
Piccadilly Circus; Darb al-_jj (pilgrims' route). |
| official
language |
See
language, official. |
| onomastics |
(a)
The science that has as its object the study of names.
(b) The activity or process of giving names. |
| oronym |
Name
applied to a feature of topographic elevation such as a mountain
or a hill. Examples: Matterhorn; Gaur_ankar; Fuji San; Sierra Madre. |
| orthography |
Spelling
of words according to the prescribed rules of a given linguistic tradition. |
| phone |
In
phonetics, the smallest perceptible unit of sound in the
stream of speech, usually symbolized by square brackets. A specific
phoneme can be realized by different phones called allophones.
Examples: [ß] for the `b' sound in Spanish saber as against
[b], the `b' sound in Spanish Barcelona. |
| phoneme |
The
smallest unit of sound in the phonological structure
of a language which changes meaning, usually symbolized
by oblique slashes. Examples: /b/; /p/; /ò/ (for English sh). In
practice a phoneme is realized by variants called allophones,
usually symbolized by square brackets, such as [b] in Spanish Barcelona
and [ß] in saber for the /b/ phoneme, or [e], [], [å]
and [] for different realizations of the /e/ phoneme. See also phone. |
| phonemic |
Relating
to phonemes. |
| phonetic,
phonetical |
Relating
to phonetics. |
| phonetics |
The
study and classification of sounds made in spoken language. The minimal
phonetic unit is the phone. |
| phonogram |
(a)
Graphic character representing sound(s). (b) In particular,
a pictogram representing not the meaning of its object
but the sound of its name in a particular language. Examples: pictograms
of Egyptian hieroglyphs when used to represent phonetic values,
e.g. ¨ (a seat) for p, the initial sound of the word for `seat'.
|
| phonological |
Relating
to phonology. |
| phonology |
The
study of speech sounds and their functions in a specific language
or in two or more languages considered together for comparative purposes. |
| physical
feature |
See
feature, physical. |
| pictogram |
Graphic
symbol which represents an object via graphic-visual similarity in
order to convey either its meaning or the sound of its name. See also
phonogram. |
| pidgin |
A
relatively stable form of speech developed as an auxiliary language,
whose vocabulary and sphere of employment are narrowly limited and
whose grammar, phonological structure and
style are simpler than those of the language(s) from which
it was evolved. Examples: Tok Pisin (Neo-Melanesian) based on English;
Bazaar Malay in Malaysia-Indonesia; Petit Mauresque (French-based,
in North Africa); Fanagaló (mainly from Zulu, South Africa). A pidgin
which becomes the mother tongue of a linguistic
community is said to be creolized. See also creole. |
| pixel |
Acronym
for `picture element'; the unit of storage and display in raster
mode. |
| place
name |
See
toponym; name, place (b). |
| place
name index |
See
index, place names. |
| portability,
data |
See
data portability. |
| principal
language |
See
language, principal. |
| program,
computer |
A
set of instructions directing the computer which operations to perform.
Complementary term: data; these can be operated upon by
a program. |
| proper
name |
See
noun, proper. |
| proper
noun |
See
noun, proper. |
